Bill C-49
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First Nation Land Register |
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Establish- ment
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25. (1) The Minister shall establish a
register to be known as the First Nation Land
Register.
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Adminis- tration of Register
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(2) The First Nation Land Register is to be
administered, subject to this section, in the
same manner as the Reserve Land Register
established under the Indian Act.
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Regulations
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(3) The Governor in Council may, on the
recommendation of the Minister and in
accordance with the Framework Agreement,
make regulations respecting the
administration of the First Nation Land
Register, the registration of interests in it and
the recording of any other matter, including
but not limited to regulations respecting
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Limitations on Alienation of First Nation Land |
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Alienation of
land
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26. (1) First nation land may not be
alienated except where it is exchanged for
other land in accordance with the Framework
Agreement and this Act.
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Expropria- tion
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(2) Interests in first nation land may not be
expropriated except by Her Majesty or a first
nation in accordance with the Framework
Agreement and this Act.
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Restrictions
on exchange
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27. (1) A first nation may exchange first
nation land only if
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Additional
compensation
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(2) In addition to land referred to in
subsection (1), other compensation may be
provided including land that will not become
first nation land.
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Terms and
conditions
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(3) An exchange of first nation land may be
made subject to other terms and conditions.
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Community
approval
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(4) The exchange of first nation land must
be approved by first nation members in
accordance with the land code of the first
nation and must be completed in accordance
with the Framework Agreement.
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Expropria- tion by a first nation
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28. (1) A first nation may, in accordance
with the general rules and procedures
contained in its land code, expropriate any
interest in its first nation land that, in the
opinion of its council, is necessary for
community works or other first nation
community purposes.
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Exception
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(2) An interest in first nation land obtained
under section 35 of the Indian Act or held by
Her Majesty is not subject to expropriation by
a first nation.
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Effective date
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(3) An expropriation takes effect from the
day on which a notice of expropriation is
registered in the First Nation Land Register or
the thirtieth day after the day on which the
notice is served on the person whose interest
is expropriated, whichever is the earlier.
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Effect of
expropriation
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(4) An expropriated interest becomes the
property of the first nation free of any previous
claim or encumbrance.
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Compensa- tion
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(5) A first nation shall pay fair
compensation to the holder of an expropriated
interest and, in determining that
compensation, the first nation shall apply the
rules set out in the Expropriation Act, with
such modifications as the circumstances
require.
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Resolution of
disputes
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(6) Any dispute concerning compensation
shall be determined according to the system
for the resolution of such disputes established
by a first nation in accordance with the
Framework Agreement.
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Expropria- tion by Her Majesty
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29. (1) An interest in first nation land may
be expropriated by Her Majesty for the use of
a federal department or agency and with the
consent and by order of the Governor in
Council.
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Consent of
Governor in
Council
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(2) The Governor in Council may consent to
an expropriation only if it is justifiable and
necessary for a federal public purpose that
serves the national interest.
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Matters to be
considered
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(3) The Governor in Council may consent to
an expropriation only if the Governor in
Council is satisfied that, in addition to any
other legal requirements that may apply, the
following requirements have been met:
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Report to be
made public
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(4) Before the Governor in Council
consents to the expropriation, the department
or agency referred to in subsection (1) shall
provide to the first nation, and make available
to the public, a report stating the justifications
for the expropriation and describing the steps
taken to satisfy the requirements of subsection
(3).
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Disputes
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(5) If a first nation objects to a proposed
expropriation, it may, within sixty days after
the report has been made public, refer the
matter to a neutral evaluator in accordance
with the Framework Agreement.
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Time of
consent
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(6) The Governor in Council may not
consent to the expropriation before the
expiration of the period referred to in
subsection (5) or, if the first nation has referred
the matter to a neutral evaluator, before the
neutral evaluator has reported on the matter.
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Partial
expropriation
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30. If less than the full interest of a first
nation in first nation land is expropriated by
Her Majesty,
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Compensa- tion
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31. (1) Where an interest in first nation land
is expropriated by Her Majesty, compensation
shall be provided to the first nation consisting
of
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Land of a
lesser area
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(2) Land provided to a first nation as
compensation may be of an area that is less
than the area of the land in which an interest
has been expropriated if the total area of the
land comprised in a reserve of the first nation
is not less following the expropriation than at
the coming into force of its land code.
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Determi- nation of compensation
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(3) The total compensation shall be
determined taking into account the following
factors:
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Interest
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(4) Interest is payable on compensation
from the effective date of an expropriation at
the prejudgment interest rate that is paid in
civil proceedings in the superior court of the
province in which the land is situated.
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Dispute
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(5) If an agreement on compensation cannot
be reached, the first nation or the
expropriating department or agency may refer
the matter to an arbitrator in accordance with
the Framework Agreement.
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Limit
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(6) Any claim or encumbrance in respect of
an interest expropriated by Her Majesty may
only be made or discharged against the
compensation paid under this section.
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Restitution
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32. (1) An interest in first nation land
expropriated by Her Majesty that is no longer
required for the purpose for which it was
expropriated shall revert to the first nation
and, if the full interest of the first nation was
expropriated, it shall be returned to the first
nation in accordance with terms and
conditions negotiated by the first nation and
the expropriating department or agency.
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Improvements
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(2) When an interest reverts or is returned to
a first nation, the minister responsible for the
expropriating department or agency shall
determine the disposition of any
improvements made to the land.
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Dispute
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(3) If the first nation and the expropriating
department or agency cannot agree on the
terms and conditions of the return of the full
interest, the first nation or the department or
agency may, in accordance with the
Framework Agreement, refer the matter to an
arbitrator.
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Expropriation
Act
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33. Without limiting the generality of
section 37, in the event of any inconsistency or
conflict between this Act and the
Expropriation Act in relation to the
expropriation of interests in first nation land
by Her Majesty, this Act prevails to the extent
of the inconsistency or conflict.
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LIABILITY |
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First nation
not liable
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34. (1) A first nation is not liable in respect
of anything done or omitted to be done before
the coming into force of its land code by Her
Majesty or any person or body authorized by
Her Majesty to act in relation to first nation
land.
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Indemnifi- cation of first nation
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(2) Her Majesty shall indemnify a first
nation for any loss suffered by the first nation
as a result of an act or omission described in
subsection (1).
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Her Majesty
not liable
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(3) Her Majesty is not liable in respect of
anything done or omitted to be done after the
coming into force of the land code of a first
nation by the first nation or any person or body
authorized by the first nation to act in relation
to first nation land.
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Indemnifi- cation of Her Majesty
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(4) The first nation shall indemnify Her
Majesty for any loss suffered by Her Majesty
as a result of an act or omission described in
subsection (3).
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IMMUNITY AND JUDICIAL REVIEW |
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Immunity
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35. No criminal or civil proceedings lie
against an arbitrator, mediator, neutral
evaluator or verifier appointed under the
Framework Agreement or this Act or any
member of a board established by section 38
of the Framework Agreement who is, in good
faith, exercising a power or performing a duty
or function in accordance with the Framework
Agreement or this Act for anything done or
omitted to be done during the course of the
exercise or purported exercise of any power or
the performance or purported performance of
any duty or function of that person in
accordance with the Framework Agreement
or this Act.
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Determi- nations final
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36. (1) Every determination under this Act
or the Framework Agreement by a verifier or
arbitrator is final, and no order shall be made,
process entered or proceedings taken in any
court, whether by way of injunction,
certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo
warranto or otherwise, to question, review or
prohibit such a determination.
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Actions final
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(2) No order shall be made, process entered
or proceedings taken in any court, whether by
way of injunction, certiorari, prohibition,
mandamus, quo warranto or otherwise, to
question, review or prohibit any other action
under this Act or the Framework Agreement
by a verifier or arbitrator or any action under
the Framework Agreement by a neutral
evaluator.
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Review by
Federal Court
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(3) Notwithstanding subsections (1) and
(2), the Attorney General of Canada or anyone
directly affected by the matter in respect of
which relief is sought may make an
application under the Federal Court Act on
any of the grounds referred to in paragraph
18.1(4)(a) or (b) of that Act for any relief
against a verifier, arbitrator or neutral
evaluator by way of an injunction or
declaration or by way of an order in the nature
of certiorari, prohibition, mandamus or quo
warranto.
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OTHER ACTS |
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Other Acts
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37. In the event of any inconsistency or
conflict between this Act and any other federal
law, this Act prevails to the extent of the
inconsistency or conflict.
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Indian Act
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38. (1) On the coming into force of the land
code of a first nation, the following cease to
apply to the first nation, first nation members
and first nation land:
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Leasehold
interests
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(2) Subsection 89(1.1) of the Indian Act
continues to apply to leasehold interests in any
first nation land that was designated land on
the coming into force of a first nation's land
code.
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Application
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(3) A land code may extend the application
of subsection 89(1.1) of the Indian Act, or any
portion of it, to other leasehold interests in first
nation land.
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Indian Oil
and Gas Act
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39. (1) The Indian Oil and Gas Act
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Royalties
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(2) For greater certainty, the provisions of
the Indian Oil and Gas Act respecting the
payment of royalties to Her Majesty in trust
for a first nation apply, notwithstanding any
other provision of this Act, in respect of first
nation land referred to in subsection (1).
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Environ- mental laws
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40. (1) For greater certainty, in the event of
any inconsistency or conflict between a land
code or a first nation law and any federal law
that relates to environmental protection, the
federal law prevails to the extent of the
inconsistency or conflict.
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Migratory
birds,
endangered
species,
fisheries
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(2) For greater certainty, this Act does not
extend or limit any right or power in relation
to migratory birds, endangered species or
fisheries.
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Canadian
Environ- mental Assessment Act
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41. Section 10 of the Canadian
Environmental Assessment Act does not apply
to a project carried out on first nation land.
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Emergencies
Act
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42. The Emergencies Act continues to apply
to first nation land except that any
appropriation, requisition or use of first nation
land required under that Act must be expressly
authorized by order of the Governor in
Council.
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Atomic
Energy
Control Act
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43. (1) Subject to subsection (2), nothing in
this Act limits the application of the Atomic
Energy Control Act to first nation land.
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Expropria- tion provisions
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(2) In the event of any inconsistency or
conflict between the provisions of this Act
relating to expropriation and the Atomic
Energy Control Act, the provisions of this Act
prevail to the extent of the inconsistency or
conflict.
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Non-
application of
Statutory
Instruments
Act
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44. The Statutory Instruments Act does not
apply in respect of a land code or first nation
laws.
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