Bill C-49
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Community Approval and Certification |
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Submission to
members
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10. (1) If the verifier determines that a
proposed land code and a proposed
community approval process of a first nation
are in accordance with the Framework
Agreement and this Act, the council of the first
nation may submit the proposed land code and
the individual agreement to the first nation
members for their approval.
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Eligibility to
vote
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(2) Every person who is eighteen years of
age or over and a first nation member, whether
or not resident on the reserve of the first
nation, is eligible to vote in the community
approval process.
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Information to
be provided
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(3) The council shall, before proceeding to
obtain community approval, take reasonable
measures, such as those described in the
Framework Agreement, to locate voters and
inform them of their right to vote, the means
of exercising that right and the content of the
Framework Agreement, this Act, the proposed
land code and the individual agreement.
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Third parties
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(4) If other persons have an interest in the
land that is to be subject to the proposed land
code, the council shall, within a reasonable
time before the vote, take appropriate
measures to inform those persons of the
proposed land code, this Act and the date of
the vote.
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Publication of
notice
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11. (1) The verifier shall publish a notice of
the date, time and place of a vote.
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Role of the
verifier
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(2) The verifier, and any assistants that the
verifier may appoint, shall observe the
conduct of a vote.
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Report
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(3) Within fifteen days after the conclusion
of a vote, the verifier shall send to the first
nation and the Minister the verifier's report on
the conduct of the vote.
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Approval by
members
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12. (1) A proposed land code and an
individual agreement that have been
submitted for community approval are
approved if
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Minimum
participation
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(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), a
proposed land code and an individual
agreement are not approved unless more than
twenty-five per cent of the eligible voters
voted to approve them.
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Increased
percentage
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(3) A council may, by resolution, increase
the percentage of votes required under
subsection (2).
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Copy and
declaration
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13. (1) If a first nation votes to approve a
land code and an individual agreement, its
council shall, after the conclusion of the vote
and without delay, send to the verifier a copy
of the approved code and a declaration that the
code and agreement were approved in
accordance with section 12.
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Report of
irregularity
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(2) The Minister or an eligible voter may,
within five days after the conclusion of a vote,
report any irregularity in the voting process to
the verifier.
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Certification
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14. (1) The verifier shall, after receiving a
copy of the land code and the declaration,
certify the validity of the land code unless the
verifier, after giving the first nation and the
Minister a reasonable opportunity to make
submissions on the matter but within ten days
after the conclusion of the vote, is of the
opinion that
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Transmittal
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(2) The verifier shall, without delay, send a
copy of the certified land code to the first
nation and the Minister.
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Presumption
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(3) A certified land code is deemed to have
been validly approved by the first nation.
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Coming into Force of Land Code |
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Coming into
force
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15. (1) A land code comes into force and has
the force of law on the day it is certified or on
any other later date that may be specified in or
under the land code and judicial notice shall
thereafter be taken of the land code in any
proceedings.
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Access to land
code
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(2) A copy of the land code of a first nation
shall be maintained by the council for public
inspection at a place designated by the
council.
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Effect
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16. (1) After the coming into force of a land
code, no interest in or licence in relation to
first nation land may be acquired or granted
except in accordance with the land code of the
first nation.
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Interests of
third parties
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(2) Subject to subsections (3) and (4),
interests in and licences in relation to first
nation land that exist on the coming into force
of a land code continue in accordance with
their terms and conditions.
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Transfer of
rights of Her
Majesty
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(3) On the coming into force of the land
code of a first nation, the rights and
obligations of Her Majesty as grantor in
respect of the interests and licences described
in the first nation's individual agreement are
transferred to the first nation in accordance
with that agreement.
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Interests of
first nation
members
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(4) Interests in first nation land held on the
coming into force of a land code by first nation
members pursuant to allotments under
subsection 20(1) of the Indian Act or pursuant
to the custom of the first nation are subject to
the provisions of the land code governing the
transfer and lease of interests in first nation
land and sharing in natural resource revenues.
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Rules on Breakdown of Marriage |
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Obligation of
first nation
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17. (1) A first nation shall, in accordance
with the Framework Agreement and
following the community consultation
process provided for in its land code, establish
general rules and procedures, in cases of
breakdown of marriage, respecting the use,
occupation and possession of first nation land
and the division of interests in first nation
land.
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Establish- ment of rules and procedures
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(2) The first nation shall, within twelve
months after its land code comes into force,
incorporate the general rules and procedures
into its land code or enact a first nation law
containing the general rules and procedures.
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Disputes
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(3) The first nation or the Minister may refer
any dispute relating to the establishment of the
general rules and procedures to an arbitrator in
accordance with the Framework Agreement.
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LAND MANAGEMENT REGIME |
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First Nation Powers |
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Power to
manage
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18. (1) A first nation has, after the coming
into force of its land code and subject to the
Framework Agreement and this Act, the
power to manage first nation land and, in
particular, may
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Legal capacity
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(2) For any purpose related to first nation
land, a first nation has the legal capacity
necessary to exercise its powers and perform
its duties and functions and, in particular, may
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Exercise of
power
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(3) The power of a first nation to manage
first nation land shall be exercised by the
council of a first nation, or by any person or
body to whom a power is delegated by the
council in accordance with the first nation's
land code, and that power shall be exercised
for the use and benefit of the first nation.
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Management
body
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(4) A body established to manage first
nation land is a legal entity having the
capacity, rights, powers and privileges of a
natural person.
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Transfer of
moneys
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19. On the coming into force of the land
code of a first nation, all revenue moneys
collected, received or held by Her Majesty for
the use and benefit of the first nation or its first
nation members cease to be Indian moneys
and shall be transferred to the first nation.
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First Nation Laws |
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Power to
enact laws
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20. (1) The council of a first nation has, in
accordance with its land code, the power to
enact laws respecting
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Particular
powers
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(2) Without restricting the generality of
subsection (1), first nation laws may include
laws respecting
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Enforcement
measures
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(3) A first nation law may provide for
enforcement measures, consistent with
federal laws, such as the power to inspect,
search and seize and to order compulsory
sampling, testing and the production of
information.
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Inconsistency
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(4) In the event of any inconsistency or
conflict between the land code of a first nation
and the provisions of a first nation law or of a
by-law made by its council under section 81 of
the Indian Act, the land code prevails to the
extent of the inconsistency or conflict.
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Environ- mental protection
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21. (1) Before enacting any first nation law
respecting environmental protection, a first
nation shall enter into an agreement with the
Minister and the Minister of the Environment
in relation to environmental protection in
accordance with the Framework Agreement.
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Minimum
standards
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(2) For the purposes of an agreement
entered into under subsection (1), the
standards of environmental protection
established by first nation laws and the
punishments imposed for failure to meet those
standards must be at least equivalent in their
effect to any standards established and
punishments imposed by the laws of the
province in which the first nation land is
situated.
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Environ- mental assessment
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(3) First nation laws respecting
environmental assessment must provide for
the establishment, in accordance with the
Framework Agreement, of an environmental
assessment process applicable to all projects
carried out on first nation land that are
approved, regulated, funded or undertaken by
the first nation.
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Offences and
punishment
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22. (1) A first nation law may create
offences punishable on summary conviction
and provide for the imposition of fines,
imprisonment, restitution, community service
and any other means for achieving
compliance.
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Incorporation
by reference
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(2) A first nation law may adopt or
incorporate by reference the summary
conviction procedures of Part XXVII of the
Criminal Code, as amended from time to time.
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Prosecution
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(3) A first nation may, in relation to
prosecutions of contraventions of first nation
laws,
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Evidence
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23. In any proceedings, a copy of a first
nation law appearing to be certified as a true
copy by an officer of the first nation is, without
proof of the officer's signature or official
character, evidence of its enactment on the
date specified in the law.
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Appointment
of justices of
the peace
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24. (1) A first nation or, if Her Majesty and
the first nation have entered into an agreement
for that purpose in accordance with the
Framework Agreement, the Governor in
Council, may appoint justices of the peace to
ensure the enforcement of first nation laws
including the adjudication of offences for
contraventions of first nation laws.
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Judicial
independence
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(2) A justice of the peace appointed for a
first nation shall have tenure and
remuneration, and be subject to conditions of
removal, that reflect the independence of the
office of justice of the peace in the province in
which the first nation land is situated.
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Powers
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(3) Justices of the peace have all the powers
necessary for the performance of their duties
and functions.
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Appeals
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(4) An appeal lies from a decision of a
justice of the peace in the manner in which an
appeal lies in summary conviction
proceedings under Part XXVII of the Criminal
Code and the provisions of that Part relating to
appeals apply to appeals under this section.
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Courts of a
province
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(5) If no justices of the peace are appointed
for a first nation, its first nation laws shall be
enforced through a court of competent
jurisdiction of the province in which its first
nation land is situated.
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