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Bill C-14

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	PART 9
	POLLUTION PREVENTION - DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT
	Interpretation
Definitions	185. The definitions in this section apply in this Part.
``discharge'' « rejet »	``discharge'' means a discharge of a pollutant that directly or indirectly results in the pollutant entering waters, and includes spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, throwing and dumping.
``Minister'' « ministre »	``Minister'' means the Minister of Transport.
``oil pollution incident'' « événement de pollution par les hydrocarbures »	``oil pollution incident'' means an occurrence, or a series of occurrences having the same origin, that results or is likely to result in a discharge of oil.
``pollutant'' « polluant »	``pollutant'' means
	(a) a substance that, if added to any waters, would degrade or alter or form part of a process of degradation or alteration of the quality of the waters to an extent that is detrimental to their use by humans or by an animal or a plant that is useful to humans; and
	(b) any water that contains a substance in such a quantity or concentration, or that has been so treated, processed or changed, by heat or other means, from a natural state, that it would, if added to any waters, degrade or alter or form part of a process of degradation or alteration of the quality of the waters to an extent that is detrimental to their use by humans or by an animal or a plant that is useful to humans.
	It includes oil and any substance or class of substances that is prescribed for the purpose of Part 8 (Pollution Prevention and Response - Department of Fisheries and Oceans) to be a pollutant.
	Application
Application	186. (1) Subject to subsection (2), this Part applies in respect of vessels in Canadian waters or waters in the exclusive economic zone of Canada.
Exclusion	(2) This Part does not apply in respect of a discharge of oil or gas from a vessel that is on location and engaged in the exploration or drilling for, or the production, conservation or processing of, oil or gas in an area described in paragraph 3(a) or (b) of the Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act, in so far as the discharge emanates from those activities.
Definition of ``oil'' and ``gas''	(3) In subsection (2), ``oil'' and ``gas'' have the same meaning as in section 2 of the Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act.
	Pollution Incidents
Discharge of pollutant prohibited	187. No person or vessel shall discharge a prescribed pollutant, except in accordance with the regulations made under this Part or a permit granted under Division 3 of Part 7 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999.
Implementatio n of oil pollution emergency plan	188. If a vessel is required by the regulations to have a shipboard oil pollution emergency plan, the vessel shall take reasonable measures to implement the plan in respect of an oil pollution incident.
	Directions to Vessels
Powers in case of discharge	189. If the Minister believes on reasonable grounds that a vessel may discharge, or may have discharged, a prescribed pollutant, the Minister may
	(a) direct a vessel, if it is about to enter or is within waters to which this Part applies, to provide the Minister with any information that the Minister considers appropriate for the administration of this Part;
	(b) direct a vessel that is required to have on board a declaration described in paragraph 167(1)(b) to provide information concerning it;
	(c) direct a vessel that is within or about to enter waters in respect of which this Part applies to proceed through those waters by the route and in the manner that the Minister may specify; and
	(d) direct the vessel to proceed to the place that the Minister may select, by the route and in the manner that the Minister may specify, and to
	(i) unload the pollutant, or
	(ii) moor, anchor or remain there for any reasonable period that the Minister may specify.
	Regulations
Regulations	190. (1) The Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister, make regulations respecting the protection of the marine environment, including regulations
	(a) prescribing pollutants for the purpose of sections 187 and 189 and respecting the circumstances in which such pollutants may be discharged;
	(b) respecting the circumstances in which persons on board vessels shall report discharges or anticipated discharges, the manner of making the reports and the persons to whom the reports shall be made;
	(c) respecting the carrying of pollutants on board a vessel, whether as cargo or fuel;
	(d) respecting the control and prevention of pollution of the air by vessels;
	(e) respecting reception facilities for oily residues, chemical residues, garbage and sewage;
	(f) respecting the control and management of ballast water;
	(g) for preventing or reducing the release by vessels into waters of aquatic organisms or pathogens that, if released into those waters, could create hazards to human health, harm organisms, damage amenities, impair biological diversity or interfere with legitimate uses of the waters;
	(h) respecting the design, construction, manufacture and maintenance of vessels or classes of vessels;
	(i) specifying the machinery, equipment and supplies that must be on board vessels or classes of vessels;
	(j) respecting the design, construction, manufacture, maintenance, storage, testing, arrangement and use of vessels' or classes of vessels' machinery, equipment and supplies;
	(k) respecting the requirements that vessels, or classes of vessels, and their machinery and equipment must meet;
	(l) requiring the obtaining of certificates certifying that any of the requirements referred to in paragraph (k) are met; and
	(m) respecting inspections and the testing of vessels, or classes of vessels, and their machinery, equipment and supplies.
Application of regulations	(2) Regulations made under subsection (1) apply in respect of vessels that are capable of engaging in the drilling for, or the production, conservation or processing of, oil or gas only if the regulations so state and were made on the joint recommendation of the Minister and the Minister of Natural Resources.
	Offences and Punishment
Contravention of Act or regulations	191. (1) Every person who, or vessel that, contravenes any of the following commits an offence:
	(a) section 187 (discharge of a pollutant);
	(b) section 188 (implement shipboard oil pollution emergency plan);
	(c) a direction given under subparagraph 189(d)(i) (proceed to a place and unload a pollutant); and
	(d) a provision of the regulations made under this Part.
Punishment	(2) Every person or vessel that commits an offence under subsection (1) is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not more than $1,000,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than 18 months, or to both.
Continuing offence	(3) If an offence under paragraph (1)(a) is committed or continued on more than one day, the person or vessel that committed it is liable to be convicted for a separate offence for each day on which it is committed or continued.
Factors to be considered	(4) In determining the punishment under subsection (2), the court may have regard to the following factors:
	(a) the harm or risk of harm caused by the offence;
	(b) an estimate of the total costs of clean-up, of harm caused, and of the best available mitigation measures;
	(c) the remedial action taken, or proposed to be taken, by the offender to mitigate the harm;
	(d) whether the discharge or anticipated discharge was reported in accordance with the regulations made under paragraph 190(1)(b);
	(e) any economic benefits accruing to the offender that, but for the offence, the offender would not have received; and
	(f) any evidence from which the court may reasonably conclude that the offender has a history of non-compliance with legislation designed to prevent or to minimize pollution.
Contravention of directions	192. (1) Every vessel commits an offence that contravenes
	(a) a direction given under paragraph 189(a) or (b) (to provide information);
	(b) a direction given under paragraph 189(c) (to proceed by a specified route); or
	(c) a direction given under subparagraph 189(d)(ii) (to proceed to a place and remain there).
Punishment	(2) Every vessel that commits an offence under subsection (1) is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not more than $100,000.
Court orders	193. If an offender is convicted of an offence under this Part, in addition to imposing any other punishment that may be imposed under this Act, the court may, having regard to the nature of the offence and the circumstances surrounding its commission, make an order having any or all of the following effects:
	(a) prohibiting the offender from performing any act or engaging in any activity that may result in the continuation or repetition of the offence;
	(b) directing the offender to publish the facts relating to the conviction;
	(c) directing the offender to submit to the Minister, on application by the Minister made within three years after the date of the conviction, any information with respect to the offender's activities that the court considers appropriate and just in the circumstances;
	(d) in the case of a discharge, directing the offender to pay an amount for the purpose of conducting research into the ecological use and disposal of the pollutant in respect of which the offence was committed; and
	(e) requiring the offender to comply with any other reasonable conditions that the court considers appropriate and just in the circumstances for securing the offender's good conduct and preventing the offender from repeating the same offence or committing other offences.
	PART 10
	PLEASURE CRAFT
	Interpretation
Definitions	194. The definitions in this section apply in this Part.
``enforcement officer'' « agent de l'autorité »	``enforcement officer'' means
	(a) a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police;
	(b) a member of any harbour or river police force;
	(c) a member of any provincial, county or municipal police force; and
	(d) any person, or member of a class of persons, designated under subsection 196(1).
``inspector'' « inspecteur »	``inspector'' means a pleasure craft safety inspector designated under subsection 195(1).
``licence'' « permis »	``licence'' means a licence issued for a pleasure craft under this Part.
``Minister'' « ministre »	``Minister'' means the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans.