;

Bill C-32

If you have any questions or comments regarding the accessibility of this publication, please contact us at accessible@parl.gc.ca.

PDF

	(b) undertake research and development programs for the study of the effect of vehicles, engines or equipment or emissions on air pollution, energy conservation and the environment and for the promotion of measures to control that effect;
	(c) establish and operate facilities for the testing of vehicles, engines or equipment and components, and acquire test equipment for that purpose;
	(d) make the facilities referred to in paragraph (c) and all related material, parts and services available to any person; and
	(e) publish or otherwise disseminate information relating to the activities of the Minister under this section.
Emission control tests	159. (1) At the request of the Minister and subject to payment by the Minister of the cost of transportation and of rental at a prescribed rate based on capital value, a company shall make available for testing any vehicle, engine, equipment or component that
	(a) was used in tests conducted by or for the company in order to establish information submitted to the Minister under paragraph 153(1)(c); or
	(b) for the purpose of that testing, is equivalent to a vehicle, an engine, equipment or a component referred to in paragraph (a).
Testing by Minister	(2) The Minister may examine and dismantle any vehicle, engine, equipment or component made available under subsection (1) and conduct all necessary tests to verify the accuracy of tests referred to in paragraph (1)(a).
Detention of vehicles or engines	(3) The Minister may not detain any vehicle, engine, equipment or component for more than 30 days after completion of the tests conducted under subsection (2) unless, before that time, proceedings have been instituted in respect of an offence related to the vehicle, engine, equipment or component, in which case it may be detained until the proceedings are concluded.
	Regulations
Regulations	160. (1) The Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister, make regulations for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Division, including regulations
	(a) respecting emissions and prescribing standards in relation to emissions;
	(b) establishing the national emissions marks;
	(c) respecting the conditions that must be met for a national emissions mark to be used in relation to vehicles, engines or equipment or a class of vehicles, engines or equipment;
	(d) respecting the manner of applying national emissions marks;
	(e) prescribing the period for which records referred to in paragraph 153(1)(g) or a registration system referred to in paragraph 153(1)(h) shall be retained;
	(f) respecting exemptions from sections 153 and 154;
	(g) respecting the information to be submitted under section 153; and
	(h) prescribing or providing for anything that by this Division is to be prescribed or provided for by the regulations.
Progressive application	(2) Regulations prescribing a standard may be made applicable in respect of a specified proportion of vehicles, engines or equipment of a class before they are made applicable in respect of all vehicles, engines or equipment of that class.
Definition of ``technical standards document''	161. (1) In this section, ``technical standards document'' means a document, published in the prescribed manner by authority of the Minister, that reproduces in the official languages of Canada an enactment of a foreign government with any adaptations of form and reference that will facilitate the incorporation of the enactment under this section.
Incorporation of document	(2) For greater certainty, regulations made under this Division may incorporate by reference a technical standards document as it reads on a prescribed day or as it is amended from time to time following the incorporation by reference, and may extend, qualify or exclude the application of any provision of the document so incorporated.
Publication	(3) No person is required to comply with a provision of a technical standards document incorporated by the regulations until six months after the publication of the provision in the prescribed manner, if the person continues to comply with the provision for which that provision is substituted.
Document not a regulation	(4) A technical standards document is not a regulation for the purposes of the Statutory Instruments Act.
Emission credits	162. (1) Regulations that prescribe standards in relation to emissions may provide for a system of credits based on the following principles:
	(a) a company may establish that vehicles, engines or equipment conform to those standards by applying credits against emissions of the vehicles, engines or equipment in the prescribed manner and within prescribed limits;
	(b) credits may be obtained by a company in the prescribed manner
	(i) by reference to emissions of the vehicles, engines or equipment that more than meet the requirements of those standards, or
	(ii) by the payment of an amount to the Receiver General determined at a prescribed rate in relation to emissions of the vehicle, engine or equipment; and
	(c) credits obtained by reference to emissions may be transferred to or from a company in the prescribed manner.
Deemed conformity to standard	(2) Regulations referred to in subsection (1) may provide that any vehicle, engine or equipment is deemed to conform to a standard if the application of those regulations to all vehicles, engines or equipment of its class sold in Canada and the United States would result in that vehicle, engine or equipment so conforming.
Emission report	(3) Every company shall submit to the Minister, in the prescribed form and manner and at the prescribed time, a report setting out, with respect to a prescribed period, an account of any emission credits obtained or applied by the company and a description of each of the following vehicles, engines or pieces of equipment for which credits were obtained or applied:
	(a) vehicles, engines and equipment to which the company applied a national emissions mark during that period, other than those that were exported;
	(b) vehicles, engines and equipment bearing a national emissions mark that were sold by the company in Canada during that period; and
	(c) vehicles, engines and equipment that were imported by the company during that period for the purpose of sale in Canada.
Contents of report	(4) If credits applied under this section were obtained on the basis of emissions from vehicles, engines or equipment not referred to in paragraph (3)(a), (b) or (c), the report submitted in respect of the application of those credits shall include a description of those vehicles, engines or equipment.
Interim order	163. (1) If an enactment of a foreign government corresponds to the regulations made under this Division and that enactment is amended by that government or its operation is affected by a decision of a foreign court, the Minister may issue an interim order suspending or modifying the operation of the regulations to the extent that they are inconsistent with the enactment as amended or given effect.
Effective date of order	(2) An interim order has effect from the time it is made.
Approval of Governor in Council	(3) An interim order ceases to have effect 14 days after it is made unless it is approved by the Governor in Council within that period.
Contraven- tion of regulation modified by an unpublished order	(4) No person shall be convicted of an offence consisting of a contravention of a regulation to the extent that it is modified or suspended by an interim order that, at the time of the alleged contravention, had not been published in the Canada Gazette unless it is proved that, at the time of the alleged contravention, the person had been notified of the interim order.
Cessation of effect	(5) Subject to subsection (3), an interim order ceases to have effect on the earliest of
	(a) the day it is repealed,
	(b) the day the regulation is amended or repealed to give effect to the order, and
	(c) one year after the order is made.
	Evidence
Evidence	164. In a prosecution under this Act, evidence that any vehicle, engine or equipment bore a name or mark purporting to be the name or mark of a company engaged in the business of manufacturing, importing or selling vehicles, engines or equipment is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof that the vehicle, engine or equipment was manufactured, imported or sold, as the case may be, by the company.
Evidence	165. In a prosecution under this Act, evidence that any vehicle, engine or equipment bearing a national emissions mark was manufactured by a company is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof that the national emissions mark was applied by the company.
	DIVISION 6
	INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION
Determi- nation of international air pollution	166. (1) Subject to subsection (4), the Minister shall act under subsections (2) and (3) only if the Ministers have reason to believe that a substance released from a source in Canada into the air creates, or may reasonably be anticipated to contribute to
	(a) air pollution in a country other than Canada; or
	(b) air pollution that violates, or is likely to violate, an international agreement binding on Canada in relation to the prevention, control or correction of pollution.
Consultation with other governments	(2) If the source referred to in subsection (1) is not a federal source, the Minister shall
	(a) consult with the government responsible for the area in which the source is situated to determine whether that government can prevent, control or correct the air pollution under its laws; and
	(b) if the government referred to in paragraph (a) can prevent, control or correct the air pollution, offer it an opportunity to do so.
Ministerial action	(3) If the source referred to in subsection (1) is a federal source or if the government referred to in paragraph (2)(a) cannot prevent, control or correct the air pollution under its laws or does not do so, the Minister shall take at least one of the following courses of action:
	(a) publish a notice under subsection 56(1); or
	(b) recommend regulations to the Governor in Council for the purpose of preventing, controlling or correcting the air pollution.
Reciprocity with other country	(4) If the air pollution referred to in paragraph (1)(a) is in a country where Canada does not have substantially the same rights with respect to the prevention, control or correction of air pollution as that country has under this Division, the Minister shall decide whether to act under subsections (2) and (3) or to take no action at all.
Other factors	(5) When recommending regulations under paragraph (3)(b) , the Minister shall take into account comments made under subsection 168(2), notices of objection filed under subjection 332(2) and any report of a board of review submitted under subsection 340(1).
Regulations	167. The Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister, make regulations with respect to a substance released from a source in Canada into the air that creates, or may reasonably be anticipated to contribute to air pollution referred to in subsection 166(1) for the purpose of preventing, controlling or correcting the air pollution, including regulations respecting
	(a) the quantity or concentration of the substance that may be released into the air;
	(b) the manner in which and conditions under which the substance may be released into the air, either alone or in combination with any other substance;
	(c) the maintenance of books and records for the administration of any regulation made under this section;
	(d) the conduct of sampling, analyses, tests, measurements or monitoring of the substance and the submission of the results to the Minister; and
	(e) the conditions, test procedures and laboratory practices to be followed for conducting sampling, analyses, tests, measurements or monitoring of the substance.
Notice to other country	168. (1) The Minister shall advise the government of any country that would be affected by or benefit from the regulation before it is published under subsection 332(1).
Comments	(2) Within 60 days after the publication of a proposed regulation under subsection 332(1), any person, including a representative of the government of any country that would be affected by or benefit from it, may file with the Minister written comments on the proposed regulation.
Notice to other governments	(3) At the end of the period of 60 days referred to in subsection (2), the Minister
	(a) shall advise each government referred to in paragraph 166(2)(a) of any notice of objection filed under subsection 332(2); and
	(b) shall publish in the Canada Gazette, and may publish in any other manner that the Minister considers appropriate, a report or a notice of the availability of a report that summarizes how any written comments filed under subsection (2) or a notice of objection filed under subsection 332(2) were dealt with.
Report and remedial measures	169. (1) Where there occurs or there is a likelihood of a release into the air of a substance in contravention of a regulation made under section 167, any person described in subsection (2) shall, as soon as possible in the circumstances,
	(a) subject to subsection (4) and the regulations, notify an enforcement officer or any other person designated pursuant to the regulations and provide a written report on the matter to the enforcement officer or other person;
	(b) take all reasonable measures consistent with the protection of the environment and public safety to prevent the release or, if it cannot be prevented, to remedy any dangerous condition or reduce or mitigate any danger to the environment or to human life or health that results from the release of the substance or may reasonably be expected to result if the substance is released; and
	(c) make a reasonable effort to notify any member of the public who may be adversely affected by the release or likely release.
Application	(2) Subsection (1) applies to any person who
	(a) owns or has charge of a substance immediately before its release or its likely release into the air; or
	(b) causes or contributes to the release or increases the likelihood of the release.
Report by property owner	(3) Where there occurs a release of a substance as described in subsection (1), any person, other than a person described in subsection (2), whose property is affected by the release shall, as soon as possible in the circumstances and subject to subsection (4), report the matter to an enforcement officer or to any person that is designated by regulation.
Report to official	(4) Where there are in force, by or under the laws of a province or an aboriginal government, provisions that the Governor in Council, by regulation, declares to be adequate for dealing with a release described in subsection (1), a report required by paragraph (1)(a) or subsection (3) shall be made to a person designated by those provisions.
Intervention by enforcement officer	(5) Where a person fails to take any measures required under subsection (1), an enforcement officer may take those measures, cause them to be taken or direct any person referred to in subsection (2) to take them.
Limitation on power of direction	(6) Any direction of an enforcement officer under subsection (5) that is inconsistent with a requirement imposed by or under any other Act of Parliament is void to the extent of the inconsistency.
Access to property	(7) Any enforcement officer or other person authorized or required to take any measures under subsection (1) or (5) may enter and have access to any place or property and may do any reasonable things that may be necessary in the circumstances.
Immunity	(8) Any person, other than a person described in subsection (2), who provides assistance or advice in taking the measures required by subsection (1) or who takes any measures authorized under subsection (5) is not personally liable either civilly or criminally in respect of any act or omission in the course of providing assistance or advice or taking any measures under those subsections unless it is established that the person acted in bad faith.
Recovery of reasonable costs and expenses by Her Majesty	170. (1) Her Majesty in right of Canada may recover the costs and expenses of and incidental to taking any measures under subsection 169(5) from

Bill C-32

DIVISION 6

INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION