(a) the day it is repealed,

    (b) the day a regulation referred to in subsection (5) is made, and

    (c) two years after the order is made.

Release of Toxic Substances

Report and remedial measures

95. (1) Where there occurs or is a likelihood of a release into the environment of a substance specified on the List of Toxic Substances in Schedule 1 in contravention of a regulation made under section 92.1 or 93 or an order made under section 94, any person described in subsection (2) shall, as soon as possible in the circumstances,

    (a) subject to subsection (4) and any regulations made under paragraph 97(b), notify an enforcement officer or any other person designated pursuant to the regulations and provide a written report on the matter to the enforcement officer or other person;

    (b) take all reasonable measures consistent with the protection of the environment and public safety to prevent the release or, if it cannot be prevented, to remedy any dangerous condition or reduce or mitigate any danger to the environment or to human life or health that results from the release of the substance or may reasonably be expected to result if the substance is released; and

    (c) make a reasonable effort to notify any member of the public who may be adversely affected by the release or likely release.

Application

(2) Subsection (1) applies to any person who

    (a) owns or has the charge, management or control of a substance immediately before its release or its likely release into the environment; or

    (b) causes or contributes to the release or increases the likelihood of the release.

Report by property owner

(3) Where there occurs a release of a substance as described in subsection (1), any person, other than a person described in subsection (2), whose property is affected by the release and who knows that it is a substance specified on the List of Toxic Substances in Schedule 1 shall, as soon as possible in the circumstances and subject to subsection (4), report the matter to an enforcement officer or to any person that is designated by regulation.

Report to provincial official

(4) Where there are in force, by or under the laws of a province or an aboriginal government, provisions that the Governor in Council, by regulation, declares to be adequate for dealing with a release described in subsection (1), a report required by paragraph (1)(a) or subsection (3) shall be made to a person designated by those provisions.

Intervention by enforcement officer

(5) Where any person fails to take any measures required under subsection (1), an enforcement officer may take those measures, cause them to be taken or direct any person referred to in subsection (2) to take them.

Limitation on power of direction

(6) A direction of an enforcement officer under subsection (5) that is inconsistent with a requirement imposed by or under any other Act of Parliament is void to the extent of the inconsistency.

Access to property

(7) Any enforcement officer or other person authorized or required to take any measures under subsection (1) or (5) may enter and have access to any place or property and may do any reasonable things that may be necessary in the circumstances.

Personal liability

(8) Any person, other than a person described in subsection (2), who provides assistance or advice in taking the measures required by subsection (1) or who takes any measures authorized under subsection (5) is not personally liable either civilly or criminally in respect of any act or omission in the course of providing assistance or advice or taking any measures under those subsections unless it is established that the person acted in bad faith.

Voluntary report

96. (1) Where a person has knowledge of the occurrence or likelihood of a release into the environment of a substance specified on the List of Toxic Substances in Schedule 1, but the person is not required to report the matter under this Act, the person may report any information relating to the release or likely release to an enforcement officer or to any person to whom a report may be made under section 95.

Request for confidenti-
ality

(2) A person making a report under subsection (1) may request that the person's identity and any information that could reasonably reveal the identity not be released.

Requirement for confidenti-
ality

(3) Where a person makes a request under subsection (2), no person shall release or cause to be released the identity of the person making the request or any information that could reasonably be expected to reveal their identity unless the person making the request authorizes the release in writing.

Employee protection

(4) Despite any other Act of Parliament, no employer shall dismiss, suspend, demote , discipline, harass or otherwise disadvantage an employee, or deny an employee a benefit of employment, by reason that

    (a) the employee has made a report under subsection (1);

    (b) the employee, acting in good faith and on the basis of reasonable belief, has refused or stated an intention of refusing to do anything that is an offence under this Act; or

    (c) the employee, acting in good faith and on the basis of reasonable belief, has done or stated an intention of doing anything that is required to be done by or under this Act.

Regulations

97. The Governor in Council may make regulations

    (a) designating persons for the purposes of paragraph 95(1)(a) and subsection 95(3) and prescribing the form of the report to be made under those provisions and the information to be contained in it;

    (b) respecting the notification and reporting of a release;

    (c) declaring provisions to be adequate for the purpose of subsection 95(4); and

    (d) generally for carrying out the purposes and provisions of sections 95 and 96.

Recovery of reasonable costs and expenses by Her Majesty

98. (1) Her Majesty in right of Canada may recover the costs and expenses of and incidental to taking any measures under subsection 95(5) from

    (a) any person referred to in paragraph 95(2)(a); and

    (b) any person referred to in paragraph 95(2)(b) to the extent of the person's negligence in causing or contributing to the release.

Reasonably incurred

(2) The costs and expenses referred to in subsection (1) shall only be recovered to the extent that they can be established to have been reasonably incurred in the circumstances.

Joint and several liability

(3) Subject to subsection (4), the persons referred to in subsection (1) are jointly and severally liable or solidarily liable for the costs and expenses referred to in that subsection.

Limitation

(4) A person referred to in paragraph 95(2)(b) shall not be held liable under subsection (3) to an extent greater than the extent of the person's negligence in causing or contributing to the release.

Procedure

(5) A claim under this section may be sued for and recovered by Her Majesty in right of Canada with costs in proceedings brought or taken therefor in the name of Her Majesty in right of Canada in any court of competent jurisdiction.

Recourse or indemnity

(6) This section does not limit or restrict any right of recourse or indemnity that a person may have against any other person.

Limitation period

(7) Where events giving rise to a claim under this section occur, no proceedings in respect of the claim may be instituted after five years from the date on which the events occur or become evident to the Minister, whichever is later.

Minister's certificate

(8) A document purporting to have been issued by the Minister certifying the day on which the events giving rise to a claim under this section came to the knowledge of the Minister shall be received in evidence and, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, the document shall be considered as proof of that fact without proof of the signature or of the official character of the person appearing to have signed the document and without further proof.

Remedial measures

99. Where, in respect of a substance or a product containing a substance, there is a contravention of this Part or any regulation made under this Part, the Minister may, in writing,

    (a) direct any manufacturer, processor, importer, retailer or distributor of the substance or product to take any or all of the following measures:

      (i) give public notice in a manner directed by the Minister of any danger to the environment or to human life or health posed by the substance or product,

      (ii) mail a notice as described in subparagraph (i) to every manufacturer, processor, distributor or retailer of the substance or product, or

      (iii) mail a notice as described in subparagraph (i) to every person to whom the substance or product is known to have been delivered or sold; and

    (b) direct any manufacturer, processor, distributor, importer or retailer of the substance or product to take any or all of the following measures:

      (i) replace the substance or product with one that does not pose a danger to the environment or to human life or health,

      (ii) accept the return of the substance or product from the purchaser and refund the purchase price, or

      (iii) any other measures for the protection of the environment or of human life or health.

Export of Substances

Export Control List

100. The Minister or the Ministers may, by order,

    (a) add to Part 1 of the Export Control List in Schedule 3 any substance the use of which is prohibited in Canada by or under an Act of Parliament, and delete any substance from that Part;

    (b) add to Part 2 of the Export Control List in Schedule 3 any substance that is subject to an international agreement that requires notification or requires the consent of the country of destination before the substance is exported from Canada, and delete any substance from that Part; and

    (c) add to Part 3 of the Export Control List in Schedule 3 any substance the use of which is restricted in Canada by or under an Act of Parliament, and delete any substance from that Part.

Notice to Minister

101. (1) Subject to subsection (4), no person shall export a substance specified in the Export Control List in Schedule 3 unless the person provides prior notice of the proposed export to the Minister in accordance with the regulations made under subsection 102(1).

Restrictions on export

(2) Subject to subsection (4), no person shall export a substance specified in Part 1 of the Export Control List in Schedule 3 unless the export of the substance

    (a) is for the purpose of destroying the substance or complying with a direction under subparagraph 99(b)(iii); and

    (b) is done in accordance with any regulations made under subsection 102(1).

Restrictions on export

(3) Subject to subsection (4), no person shall export a substance specified in Part 2 or 3 of the Export Control List in Schedule 3 unless the export of the substance is done in accordance with any regulations made under subsection 102(1).

Total prohibition on export

(4) No person shall export a substance specified in the Export Control List in Schedule 3 if the export of the substance is prohibited by a regulation made under subsection 102(2).

Regulations respecting exports

102. (1) The Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Ministers, make regulations in relation to substances specified in the Export Control List in Schedule 3

    (a) respecting the information that must be given to the Minister regarding an export of such a substance, the time when or period within which the information must be given, and the manner in which it must be given;

    (b) respecting the information that must accompany an export of such a substance and the manner in which it must accompany the substance;

    (c) respecting conditions under which a person may export such a substance;

    (d) respecting the information that must be kept by a person who exports such a substance and the manner in which, the period for which and the place where the information must be kept; and

    (e) generally for carrying out the purposes of section 101.

Regulations prohibiting exports

(2) The Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Ministers, make regulations prohibiting the export of a substance specified in the Export Control List in Schedule 3.

Publication of exports

103. If a person exports a substance specified in the Export Control List in Schedule 3, the Minister shall publish in the Environmental Registry the name or specifications of the substance, the name of the exporter and the name of the country of destination.

PART 6

ANIMATE PRODUCTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Definitions

104. The definitions in this section apply in this Part.

``living organism''
« organisme vivant »

``living organism'' means a substance that is an animate product of biotechnology.

``significant new activity''
« nouvelle activité »

``significant new activity'' includes, in respect of a living organism, any activity that results or may result in

      (a) the entry or release of the living organism into the environment in a quantity or concentration that, in the Ministers' opinion, is significantly greater than the quantity or concentration of the living organism that previously entered or was released into the environment; or

      (b) the entry or release of the living organism into the environment or the exposure or potential exposure of the environment to the living organism in a manner and circumstances that, in the Ministers' opinion, are significantly different from the manner and circumstances in which the living organism previously entered or was released into the environment or of any previous exposure or potential exposure of the environment to the living organism.

Adding living organisms to Domestic Substances List

105. (1) The Minister shall, for the purposes of sections 74 and 106, add to the Domestic Substances List maintained under section 66 any living organism if the Minister is satisfied that, between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1986, the living organism

    (a) was manufactured in or imported into Canada by any person; and

    (b) entered or was released into the environment without being subject to conditions under this or any other Act of Parliament or of the legislature of a province.

Amendment of List

(2) Where the Minister includes a living organism on the Domestic Substances List and subsequently learns that, between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1986, the requirements set out in paragraphs (1)(a) and (b) were not met, the Minister shall delete the substance from the List.

Publication of List

(3) The Minister shall publish in the Canada Gazette the Domestic Substances List and any amendment to the List.

Designation

(4) The Minister may, by order, designate any person or class of persons to exercise the powers and perform the duties and functions set out in this section.

Manufacture or import of living organisms

106. (1) Where a living organism is not specified on the Domestic Substances List and subsection (2) does not apply, no person shall manufacture or import the living organism unless

    (a) the prescribed information with respect to the living organism, accompanied by the prescribed fee, has been provided by that person to the Minister on or before the prescribed date; and

    (b) the period for assessing the information under section 108 has expired.

Transitional provision

(2) Where a person has, between January 1, 1987 and June 30, 1994, manufactured or imported a living organism that is not specified on the Domestic Substances List, no person shall manufacture or import the living organism after June 30, 1994 unless, within 180 days after that date or on or before the prescribed date, the prescribed information has been provided to the Minister with respect to the living organism by that person.

Notification of significant new activity in respect of living organism on List

(3) Where a living organism is specified on the Domestic Substances List with an indication that this subsection applies with respect to the living organism, no person shall use, manufacture or import the living organism for a significant new activity that is indicated on the List with respect to the living organism unless