Canadian Section of ParlAmericas (CPAM)

The ParlAmericas parliamentary Network for Gender Equality discussed the theme “Designing Inclusive Futures in Partnership with Youth” through a series of online events for parliamentarians in the Americas and the Caribbean. Through the exchange of experiences and good legislative practices, this gathering fostered a dialogue on the importance of incorporating youth voices and action in parliamentary efforts for gender equality.

On September 11th 2020, the Honourable Rosa Galvez, Senator, Vice-Chair of the Canadian Section of ParlAmericas, and Randy Hoback, M.P., counsellor of the Section, participated in the 51st meeting of the Board of Directors of ParlAmericas by videoconference. The topics discussed at the meeting included how the 17th ParlAmericas plenary assembly would be organized, elections for Board positions in November 2020, and other administrative business requiring the Board’s attention prior to the end of the ParlAmericas fiscal year on 30 September 2020. The meeting wrapped up with a round table, with the parliamentarians present reporting on the situation in their respective countries as regards the COVID-19 pandemic.

On July 22nd 2020, Mr. Marc Serré, M.P., Chair of the Canadian Section of ParlAmericas, and Senator Rosa Galvez, Vice-Chair of the Canadian Section of ParlAmericas and Vice-President (North America) of ParlAmericas' PNCC, participated in a virtual meeting on the topic of “Gender-Responsiveness and Disaster Resilience during the COVID-19 Crisis.” Participants included parliamentarians, technical staff and representatives of civil society organizations from the Americas and the Caribbean.

Gale Rigobert, St. Lucia’s Minister for Education, Innovation, Gender Relations and Sustainable Development, welcomed everyone to the meeting, following which Tonni Brodber, Acting Head of Office at the UN Women Multi-Country Office for the Caribbean, Andy Daniel, Speaker of St. Lucia’s House of Assembly, and Elizabeth Cabezas, President of ParlAmericas and a member of Ecuador’s National Assembly, provided opening remarks. Ms. Rigobert also moderated a session during which presentations on the topic of gender inequality in disaster and crisis situations were made by: Angie Dazé, Senior Policy Advisor at the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD); Kyana Bowen, Programme Officer at the UN Women Multi-Country Office for the Caribbean; and Elizabeth Riley, Acting Executive Director of the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA).

Ms. Dazé explained that gender interacts with other factors – including age, disability, ethnicity and sexual orientation – to influence people's vulnerability to climate change and disasters. She outlined three components of a gender-responsive approach to building climate and disaster resilience: a recognition of gender differences in needs and capacities for managing climate and disaster risks; gender-equitable participation and influence in planning and decision-making processes; and gender-equitable access to financial servicese. Finally, Ms. Dazé presented some of the IISD's work relating to gender-responsiveness, climate change and disaster risk management.

Ms. Bowen described some ways in which disaster-preparedness planning and response can be gender-transformative, leading to lasting changes in gender norms. She noted that, when compared to most other parts of the world, the Caribbean is subject to more natural hazards, such as hurricanes, floods, sea level changes, drought and earthquakes. Ms. Bowen also discussed the ways in which planning for such hazards can be gender-transformative at the home, community, national and regional levels. Finally, she summarized some of the UN Women Multi-Country Office for the Caribbean's responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ms. Riley outlined various types of hazards that are common in the Caribbean region, including earthquakes, storm surges, flooding and volcanic eruptions. She underscored that the number of Atlantic hurricanes in 2020 is already higher than normal, and that – with the additional challenges resulting from the pandemic – countries face a complex, multi-hazard scenario that will make disaster response more difficult. Ms. Riley explained that, as an agency of the Caribbean Community, CDEMA supports countries in their efforts to mobilize and coordinate disaster relief, among other things. She described the impacts of climate change in the Caribbean region, and highlighted a rise in the intensity of tropical storms and the damage they cause. Ms. Riley also emphasized the importance of resilience, and stated that CDEMA considers gender to be a cross-cutting theme in all of its work. Finally, she commented on the number of cases of COVID-19 in the region and discussed ways in which the Caribbean could deal with hurricane season in the context of the pandemic.

Following the presentations, several participants spoke briefly about some resources that parliamentarians may wish to use when addressing issues of gender equality, climate change and disaster risk reduction. Jack Hardcastle, Program Assistant at the Secretariat to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA), noted a climate change toolkit designed specifically for small island states that the CPA has published.

Speaker Daniel presented two publications: COVID-19: An Analysis of the Legislative Agenda and the Centering of Gender Equality in Legislative Responses, co-authored by ParlAmericas and Directorio Legislativo; and the Parliamentary Protocol for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation, authored by ParlAmericas.

Massimiliano Tozzi, Project Manager at the United Nations Development Programme, commented on the project “Enabling Gender-Responsive Disaster Recovery, Climate and Environmental Resilience in the Caribbean (EnGenDER).” He said that the project aims to ensure that actions relating to climate change and disaster risk reduction are informed by an analysis of gender inequalities, and are designed to alleviate existing inequalities.

Following a discussion in which participants shared their countries’ best practices regarding gender-responsiveness and disaster resilience, Ms. Brodber and Chester Humphrey, Vice-President (Caribbean) of ParlAmericas’ Parliamentary Network for Gender Equality and President of Grenada’s Senate, gave closing remarks.

On July 10th 2020, Senator Rosa Galvez, Vice-Chair of the Canadian Section of ParlAmericas and Vice-President (North America) of ParlAmericas' Parliamentary Network on Climate Change (PNCC), Ms. Julie Dzerowicz, M.P., Vice-Chair of the Canadian Section of ParlAmericas, Ms. Stephanie Kusie, M.P. and Ms. Marie-France Lalonde, M.P. participated in a virtual meeting on the topic of “Build back better: A green and sustainable economic recovery.”

Diego Paulsen, President of Chile’s Chamber of Deputies, and Elizabeth Cabezas, President of ParlAmericas and a member of Ecuador’s National Assembly, provided welcoming remarks. Ana Belén Marín, President of ParlAmericas’ PNCC and a member of Ecuador’s National Assembly, moderated a session at which the following individuals made presentations: Leo Heileman, Regional Director of the Latin America and the Caribbean Office of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Raúl Salazar, Head of the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction Regional Office for the Americas and the Caribbean; and Brian O’Callaghan, a researcher at the University of Oxford’s Smith School for Enterprise and the Environment.

Mr. Heileman began by noting the high number of zoonotic diseases that have emerged in recent years, attributing their increased frequency to human impacts on the natural environment. In characterizing climate change as a larger crisis than COVID-19, he suggested that now is the time to "reactivate" the economy, generate “decent” work and try to meet the needs of the most vulnerable groups. Mr. Heileman outlined several areas that UNEP has identified as having the potential to help reactivate the economy while benefitting the climate. These include: rural, agricultural and ecosystem resilience; urban resilience; renewable energy and energy efficiency; and the transition to electric vehicles and e-mobility.

Mr. Salazar spoke about the double impact of COVID-19 and climate disasters – such as heavy rain, powerful tropical storms and droughts that are more intense, frequent and widespread – in numerous countries in the western hemisphere. In his view, governments must take an integrated, intersectional approach to risk management. He also described actions that could reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience in general, and outlined some roles for parliaments in applying disaster risk reduction approaches and supporting investments in climate change adaptation.

Mr. O’Callaghan summarized the results of his recent study on the possible benefits of a "clean" recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic; the study was based on a review of stimulus policies from the 2009 global financial crisis and a survey of more than 230 economists from the G20 countries. His study concluded that climate-related spending could enhance economic growth during the recovery from the pandemic. Mr. O’Callaghan emphasized the importance of using stimulus spending to achieve long-term climate objectives and not just short-term gross domestic product growth.

Paola Vega, Vice-President (Central America) of ParlAmericas’ PNCC Change and a member of Costa Rica’s Legislative Assembly, gave closing remarks.

On June 22th 2020, eight parliamentarians from the Canadian Section of ParlAmericas and the Canadian Group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union attended an online briefing that the two associations co-hosted on the topic of the economic, political and humanitarian situation in Venezuela.

During the first panel, Global Affairs Canada (GAC) officials highlighted – among other topics – that the humanitarian situation in Venezuela was worsening and that, by June 2020, more than 5 million Venezuelans had left their home country and 7 million people within Venezuela needed humanitarian aid. They also noted the Government of Canada’s continued engagement with partners in Venezuela and internationally to find solutions to the situation in Venezuela, and the Government’s contribution of $27 million for humanitarian aid to support Venezuelan refugees and migrants.

During the second panel, Eduardo Stein – Joint Special Representative for Venezuelan refugees and migrants with the International Organization for Migration and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees – mentioned that, of the 5.1 million Venezuelan refugees and migrants, 4.3 million are hosted in Latin American countries. According to him, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Venezuelan refugees and migrants have been highly vulnerable to discrimination and violence, and – as of June 2020 – about 70,000 Venezuelan refugees and migrants had returned to their home country. Ben Rowswell – President of the Canadian International Council and former Canadian Ambassador to Venezuela – stated that, although addressing the humanitarian situation is currently the most important issue in Venezuela, the international community must continue to request free and fair elections in that country in 2020.

Mr. Marc Serré, M.P., Chair of the Canadian Section of ParlAmericas and the Honourable Rosa Galvez, Senator, participated in the 50th Board of Director’s Meeting of ParlAmericas by videoconference on June 16, 2020. During this meeting, Members discussed financial matters and were updated on the status of future ParlAmericas’ meetings in the context of COVID-19. Mr. Marc Serré is Canada’s representative on the Board. ParlAmericas is run by parliamentarians for parliamentarians, with a Board of Directors composed of 21 seats which currently represent 17 countries from North, South, Central America and the Caribbean.

On June 11th 2020, seven Canadian parliamentarians participated in a virtual meeting entitled “Sustainable Responses for a Post COVID-19 Economic Recovery” where four panellists spoke on how public policy and legislation could promote sustainable and inclusive post-pandemic economic recovery, particularly in the Caribbean region:

• Irwin LaRocque, Secretary General of the Caribbean Community, said that the response to the pandemic must take into account the effects of hurricane season in Caribbean countries.

• Diane Quarless, Director of the Economic Commission for the Latin American and Caribbean (ECLAC) Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean, highlighted the economic impact of the pandemic in the Caribbean, particularly on the tourism industry, which is an important source of income for many countries in the region. She also explained that the heavy indebtedness of Caribbean states, as well as their difficulty in obtaining official development assistance, foreign direct investment or concessional lending, limits the financial resources available to these countries to respond to the crisis caused by the pandemic.

• Monika Queisser, Head of the Social Policy Division of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, gave a global overview of the economic impact of COVID-19. She also shared data showing that more women than men have lost their jobs due to the pandemic.

• Therese Turner-Jones, General Manager of the Country Department Caribbean Group of the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), explained that the pandemic has had a significant impact on the lives of women in the Caribbean and that women must be part of the discussions and decisions involving the response to the pandemic.

During the question period, the Honourable Rosa Galvez, Senator, Vice-Chair of the Canadian Section of ParlAmericas, stressed that the way to measure economic recovery should not be based solely on GDP.

On June 5th 2020, the Honourable Rosa Galvez, Senator, Vice-Chair of the Canadian Section of ParlAmericas, moderated a virtual dialogue entitled “Legislating for Post COVID-19 Economic Recovery: Cooperative Dialogue between Presiding Officers of Parliaments of the Americas.” Presiding officers of 15 legislatures from across the Americas participated in the dialogue in Spanish.

Alicia Bárcena, Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), gave the keynote address, highlighting how the pandemic has affected the economic situation in the Americas and Caribbean region and outlining proposals that could help mitigate its effects. She explained that ECLAC expects that, in 2020, the gross domestic product of the Americas and Caribbean region will fall by 5%, 12 million people will become unemployed, and the number of people living in poverty will increase by over 28 million in the region. She highlighted that certain population groups in the region are more likely to suffer as a result of the pandemic. For example, women make up the majority of workers in the informal labour force, they often have little in the way of savings, and they have to go outside the home to earn an income. In addition, many children and adolescents may not have access to online learning; it is estimated that only 20% have this option. Ms. Bárcena proposed the following options to respond to the economic crisis sparked by COVID-19 in the Americas and the Caribbean: establish an emergency basic income over a period of six months for people living in poverty; provide subsidies to companies based on the number of employees and the employer’s commitment to its employees; promote measures leading to a more egalitarian and environmentally sustainable economic structure; and implement universal healthcare. Ms. Bárcena highlighted the important role of parliaments in implementing these measures.

Following the keynote presentation, the presiding officers each presented the measures implemented in their countries to respond to the pandemic.

On May 8th 2020, the Honourable Rosa Galvez, Senator, Vice-Chair of the Canadian Section of ParlAmericas, participated in a virtual meeting in Spanish entitled “Legislative Actions for the Prevention of Violence against Women during the COVID-19 pandemic.” Four panellists spoke at the meeting:

• Yeliz Osman, Policy Specialist on Ending Violence Against Women at the UN Women Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, noted that it is too soon to reach conclusions on the impact of COVID-19 on violence against women, but emerging figures seem to indicate that it has increased during the pandemic. She explained that many countries in the Americas and the Caribbean recorded a 30-90% increase in calls to helplines for violence against women during the pandemic.

• Karina Arteaga, a member of the National Assembly of Ecuador, told parliamentarians in attendance about measures taken in Ecuador to counteract the high rates of gender-based violence. For example, the public prosecutor’s office activated an online service for victims of violence.

• Member of the Chilean Chamber of Deputies Marcela Sabat noted that government measures in Chile are aimed at expanding the capacity to receive complaints by offering the option of filing a complaint through WhatsApp or a web chat. Ms. Sabat said that women without access to the Internet or a smart phone can use the code phrase “Mascarilla 19” [Mask 19] to discreetly report violence during a visit to a pharmacy.

• Mexican Senator Verónica Camino indicated that Mexico has several legal instruments to prevent, address, punish and eradicate violence against women. She emphasized the importance of collecting and consulting data on violence against women to inform decision making and public policy formulation.