Investigative Hearing

Definition of ``judge''

83.28 (1) In this section and section 83.29, ``judge'' means a provincial court judge or a judge of a superior court of criminal jurisdiction.

Order for gathering evidence

(2) Subject to subsection (3), a peace officer may, for the purposes of an investigation of a terrorism offence, apply ex parte to a judge for an order for the gathering of information.

Attorney General's consent

(3) A peace officer may make an application under subsection (2) only if the prior consent of the Attorney General was obtained.

Making of order

(4) A judge to whom an application is made under subsection (2) may make an order for the gathering of information if the judge is satisfied that the consent of the Attorney General was obtained as required by subsection (3) and

    (a) that there are reasonable grounds to believe that

      (i) a terrorism offence has been committed, and

      (ii) information concerning the offence, or information that may reveal the whereabouts of a person suspected by the peace officer of having committed the offence, is likely to be obtained as a result of the order; or

    (b) that

      (i) there are reasonable grounds to believe that a terrorism offence will be committed,

      (ii) there are reasonable grounds to believe that a person has direct and material information that relates to a terrorism offence referred to in subparagraph (i), or that may reveal the whereabouts of an individual who the peace officer suspects may commit a terrorism offence referred to in that subparagraph, and

      (iii) reasonable attempts have been made to obtain the information referred to in subparagraph (ii) from the person referred to in that subparagraph.

Contents of order

(5) An order made under subsection (4) may

    (a) order the examination, on oath or not, of a person named in the order;

    (b) order the person to attend at the place fixed by the judge, or by the judge designated under paragraph (d), as the case may be, for the examination and to remain in attendance until excused by the presiding judge;

    (c) order the person to bring to the examination any thing in their possession or control, and produce it to the presiding judge;

    (d) designate another judge as the judge before whom the examination is to take place; and

    (e) include any other terms or conditions that the judge considers desirable, including terms or conditions for the protection of the interests of the person named in the order and of third parties or for the protection of any ongoing investigation.

Execution of order

(6) An order made under subsection (4) may be executed anywhere in Canada.

Variation of order

(7) The judge who made the order under subsection (4), or another judge of the same court, may vary its terms and conditions.

Obligation to answer questions and produce things

(8) A person named in an order made under subsection (4) shall answer questions put to the person by the Attorney General or the Attorney General's agent, and shall produce to the presiding judge things that the person was ordered to bring, but may refuse if answering a question or producing a thing would disclose information that is protected by any law relating to non-disclosure of information or to privilege.

Judge to rule

(9) The presiding judge shall rule on any objection or other issue relating to a refusal to answer a question or to produce a thing.

No person excused from complying with subsection (8)

(10) No person shall be excused from answering a question or producing a thing under subsection (8) on the ground that the answer or thing may tend to incriminate the person or subject the person to any proceeding or penalty, but

    (a) no answer given or thing produced under subsection (8) shall be used or received against the person in any criminal proceedings against that person, other than a prosecution under section 132 or 136; and

    (b) no evidence derived from the evidence obtained from the person shall be used or received against the person in any criminal proceedings against that person, other than a prosecution under section 132 or 136.

Right to counsel

(11) A person has the right to retain and instruct counsel at any stage of the proceedings.

Order for custody of thing

(12) The presiding judge, if satisfied that any thing produced during the course of the examination will likely be relevant to the investigation of any terrorism offence, shall order that the thing be given into the custody of the peace officer or someone acting on the peace officer's behalf.

Arrest warrant

83.29 (1) The judge who made the order under subsection 83.28(4), or another judge of the same court, may issue a warrant for the arrest of the person named in the order if the judge is satisfied, on an information in writing and under oath, that the person

    (a) is evading service of the order;

    (b) is about to abscond; or

    (c) did not attend the examination, or did not remain in attendance, as required by the order.

Execution of warrant

(2) A warrant issued under subsection (1) may be executed at any place in Canada by any peace officer having jurisdiction in that place.

Person to be brought before judge

(3) A peace officer who arrests a person in the execution of a warrant issued under subsection (1) shall, without delay, bring the person, or cause the person to be brought, before the judge who issued the warrant or another judge of the same court. The judge in question may, to ensure compliance with the order, order that the person be detained in custody or released on recognizance, with or without sureties.

Recognizance with Conditions

Attorney General's consent required to lay information

83.3 (1) The consent of the Attorney General is required before a peace officer may lay an information under subsection (2).

Terrorist activity

(2) Subject to subsection (1), a peace officer may lay an information before a provincial court judge if the peace officer

    (a) believes on reasonable grounds that a terrorist activity will be carried out; and

    (b) suspects on reasonable grounds that the imposition of a recognizance with conditions on a person, or the arrest of a person, is necessary to prevent the carrying out of the terrorist activity.

Appearance

(3) A provincial court judge who receives an information under subsection (2) may cause the person to appear before the provincial court judge.

Arrest without warrant

(4) Notwithstanding subsections (2) and (3), if

    (a) either

      (i) the grounds for laying an information referred to in paragraphs (2)(a) and (b) exist but, by reason of exigent circumstances, it would be impracticable to lay an information under subsection (2), or

      (ii) an information has been laid under subsection (2) and a summons has been issued, and

    (b) the peace officer suspects on reasonable grounds that the detention of the person in custody is necessary in order to prevent a terrorist activity,

the peace officer may arrest the person without warrant and cause the person to be detained in custody, to be taken before a provincial court judge in accordance with subsection (6).

Duty of peace officer

(5) If a peace officer arrests a person without warrant in the circumstance described in subparagraph (4)(a)(i), the peace officer shall, within the time prescribed by paragraph (6)(a) or (b),

    (a) lay an information in accordance with subsection (2); or

    (b) release the person.

When person to be taken before judge

(6) A person detained in custody shall be taken before a provincial court judge in accordance with the following rules:

    (a) if a provincial court judge is available within a period of twenty-four hours after the person has been arrested, the person shall be taken before a provincial court judge without unreasonable delay and in any event within that period, and

    (b) if a provincial court judge is not available within a period of twenty-four hours after the person has been arrested, the person shall be taken before a provincial court judge as soon as possible,

unless, at any time before the expiry of the time prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) for taking the person before a provincial court judge, the peace officer, or an officer in charge within the meaning of Part XV, is satisfied that the person should be released from custody unconditionally, and so releases the person.

How person dealt with

(7) When a person is taken before a provincial court judge under subsection (6),

    (a) if an information has not been laid under subsection (2), the judge shall order that the person be released; or

    (b) if an information has been laid under subsection (2),

      (i) the judge shall order that the person be released unless the peace officer who laid the information shows cause why the detention of the person in custody is justified on one or more of the following grounds:

        (A) the detention is necessary to ensure the person's appearance before a provincial court judge in order to be dealt with in accordance with subsection (8),

        (B) the detention is necessary for the protection or safety of the public, including any witness, having regard to all the circumstances including

          (I) the likelihood that, if the person is released from custody, a terrorist activity will be carried out, and

          (II) any substantial likelihood that the person will, if released from custody, interfere with the administration of justice, and

        (C) any other just cause and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, that the detention is necessary in order to maintain confidence in the administration of justice, having regard to all the circumstances, including the apparent strength of the peace officer's grounds under subsection (2), and the gravity of any terrorist activity that may be carried out, and

      (ii) the judge may adjourn the matter for a hearing under subsection (8) but, if the person is not released under subparagraph (i), the adjournment may not exceed forty-eight hours.

Hearing before judge

(8) The provincial court judge before whom the person appears pursuant to subsection (3)

    (a) may, if satisfied by the evidence adduced that the peace officer has reasonable grounds for the suspicion, order that the person enter into a recognizance to keep the peace and be of good behaviour for any period that does not exceed twelve months and to comply with any other reasonable conditions prescribed in the recognizance, including the conditions set out in subsection (10), that the provincial court judge considers desirable for preventing the carrying out of a terrorist activity; and

    (b) if the person was not released under subparagraph (7)(b)(i), shall order that the person be released, subject to the recognizance, if any, ordered under paragraph (a).

Refusal to enter into recognizance

(9) The provincial court judge may commit the person to prison for a term not exceeding twelve months if the person fails or refuses to enter into the recognizance.

Conditions - firearms

(10) Before making an order under paragraph (8)(a), the provincial court judge shall consider whether it is desirable, in the interests of the safety of the person or of any other person, to include as a condition of the recognizance that the person be prohibited from possessing any firearm, cross-bow, prohibited weapon, restricted weapon, prohibited device, ammunition, prohibited ammunition or explosive substance, or all of those things, for any period specified in the recognizance, and where the provincial court judge decides that it is so desirable, the provincial court judge shall add such a condition to the recognizance.

Surrender, etc.

(11) If the provincial court judge adds a condition described in subsection (10) to a recognizance, the provincial court judge shall specify in the recognizance the manner and method by which

    (a) the things referred to in that subsection that are in the possession of the person shall be surrendered, disposed of, detained, stored or dealt with; and

    (b) the authorizations, licences and registration certificates held by the person shall be surrendered.

Reasons

(12) If the provincial court judge does not add a condition described in subsection (10) to a recognizance, the provincial court judge shall include in the record a statement of the reasons for not adding the condition.

Variance of conditions

(13) The provincial court judge may, on application of the peace officer, the Attorney General or the person, vary the conditions fixed in the recognizance.

Other provisions to apply

(14) Subsections 810(4) and (5) apply, with any modifications that the circumstances require, to proceedings under this section.

Annual report
(sections 83.28 and 83.29)

83.31 (1) The Attorney General of Canada shall prepare and cause to be laid before Parliament and the Attorney General of every province shall publish or otherwise make available to the public an annual report for the previous year on the operation of sections 83.28 and 83.29 that includes

    (a) the number of consents to make an application that were sought, and the number that were obtained, by virtue of subsections 83.28(2) and (3);

    (b) the number of orders for the gathering of information that were made under subsection 83.28(4); and

    (c) the number of arrests that were made with a warrant issued under section 83.29.

Annual report
(section 83.3)

(2) The Attorney General of Canada shall prepare and cause to be laid before Parliament and the Attorney General of every province shall publish or otherwise make available to the public an annual report for the previous year on the operation of section 83.3 that includes

    (a) the number of consents to lay an information that were sought, and the number that were obtained, by virtue of subsections 83.3(1) and (2);

    (b) the number of cases in which a summons or a warrant of arrest was issued for the purposes of subsection 83.3(3);

    (c) the number of cases where a person was not released under subsection 83.3(7) pending a hearing;

    (d) the number of cases in which an order to enter into a recognizance was made under paragraph 83.3(8)(a), and the types of conditions that were imposed;

    (e) the number of times that a person failed or refused to enter into a recognizance, and the term of imprisonment imposed under subsection 83.3(9) in each case; and

    (f) the number of cases in which the conditions fixed in a recognizance were varied under subsection 83.3(13).

Annual report
(section 83.3)

(3) The Solicitor General of Canada shall prepare and cause to be laid before Parliament and the Minister responsible for policing in every province shall publish or otherwise make available to the public an annual report for the previous year on the operation of section 83.3 that includes

    (a) the number of arrests without warrant that were made under subsection 83.3(4) and the period of the arrested person's detention in custody in each case; and

    (b) the number of cases in which a person was arrested without warrant under subsection 83.3(4) and was released

      (i) by a peace officer under paragraph 83.3(5)(b), or

      (ii) by a judge under paragraph 83.3(7)(a).